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<title>Display device</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Display device</span></span>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Display technologies" redirects here. For the defunct company, see <a href="Display_Technologies%2C_Inc." title="Display Technologies, Inc.">Display Technologies, Inc.</a></div>

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<p>A <b>display device</b> is an <a href="Output_device" title="Output device">output device</a> for presentation of <a href="Information" title="Information">information</a> in <a href="Visual" class="mw-redirect" title="Visual">visual</a><sup id="cite_ref-University_of_West_Florida_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-University_of_West_Florida-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <a href="Touch" class="mw-redirect" title="Touch">tactile</a> form (the latter used for example in <a href="Refreshable_Braille_display" class="mw-redirect" title="Refreshable Braille display">tactile electronic displays</a> for blind people).<sup id="cite_ref-Office_of_the_Chief_information_Officer_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Office_of_the_Chief_information_Officer-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the input information that is supplied has an electrical signal the display is called an <i><a href="Electronic_visual_display" title="Electronic visual display">electronic display</a></i>.

</p><p>Common applications for <i>electronic visual displays</i> are <a href="Television_set" title="Television set">television sets</a> or <a href="Computer_monitor" title="Computer monitor">computer monitors</a>.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types_of_electronic_displays">Types of electronic displays</h2></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Electronic_visual_display" title="Electronic visual display">Electronic visual display</a></div>

<p>These are the technologies used to create the various displays in use today.

</p>

<ul><li><a href="Liquid-crystal_display" title="Liquid-crystal display">Liquid-crystal display</a> (LCD)

<ul><li><a href="LED-backlit_LCD" title="LED-backlit LCD">Light-emitting diode (LED) backlit LCD</a></li>

<li><a href="TFT_LCD" title="TFT LCD">Thin-film transistor (TFT) LCD</a></li>

<li><a href="Quantum_dot_display" title="Quantum dot display">Quantum dot (QLED) display</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="LED_display" title="LED display">Light-emitting diode (LED) display</a>

<ul><li><a href="OLED" title="OLED">OLED display</a></li>

<li><a href="AMOLED" title="AMOLED">AMOLED display</a></li>

<li><a href="AMOLED#Super_AMOLED" title="AMOLED">Super AMOLED display</a></li></ul></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Segment_displays">Segment displays</h4></div>

<p>Some displays can show only <a href="Numerical_digit" title="Numerical digit">digits</a> or <a href="Alphanumeric" class="mw-redirect" title="Alphanumeric">alphanumeric</a> characters. They are called <b>segment displays</b>, because they are composed of several segments that switch on and off to give appearance of desired <a href="Glyph" title="Glyph">glyph</a>. The segments are usually single <a href="LED" class="mw-redirect" title="LED">LEDs</a> or <a href="LCD" class="mw-redirect" title="LCD">liquid crystals</a>. They are mostly used in <a href="Digital_watch" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital watch">digital watches</a> and <a href="Pocket_calculator" class="mw-redirect" title="Pocket calculator">pocket calculators</a>. Common types are <a href="Seven-segment_display" title="Seven-segment display">seven-segment displays</a> which are used for numerals only, and alphanumeric <a href="Fourteen-segment_display" title="Fourteen-segment display">fourteen-segment displays</a> and <a href="Sixteen-segment_display" title="Sixteen-segment display">sixteen-segment displays</a> which can display numerals and Roman alphabet letters.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_types">Other types</h3></div>

<ul><li><a href="Vacuum_fluorescent_display" title="Vacuum fluorescent display">Vacuum fluorescent display</a></li>

<li><a href="Electroluminescent_display" title="Electroluminescent display">Electroluminescent (ELD) display</a></li>

<li><a href="Plasma_display" title="Plasma display">Plasma (PDP) display</a></li>

<li><a href="Laser-powered_phosphor_display" title="Laser-powered phosphor display">Laser-powered phosphor display</a></li></ul>

<p><a href="Cathode-ray_tube" title="Cathode-ray tube">Cathode-ray tubes</a> were also formerly widely used.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Full-area_2-dimensional_displays">Full-area 2-dimensional displays</h4></div>

<p><a href="2-dimensional" class="mw-redirect" title="2-dimensional">2-dimensional</a> displays that cover a full area (usually a <a href="Rectangle" title="Rectangle">rectangle</a>) are also called <b>video displays</b>, since it is the main modality of presenting <a href="Video" title="Video">video</a>.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Applications_of_full-area_2-dimensional_displays">Applications of full-area 2-dimensional displays</h5></div>

<p>Full-area 2-dimensional displays are used in, for example:

</p>

<ul><li><a href="Television_set" title="Television set">Television set</a></li>

<li><a href="Computer_monitor" title="Computer monitor">Computer monitor</a></li>

<li><a href="Head-mounted_display" title="Head-mounted display">Head-mounted displays</a>, <a href="Heads-up_display" class="mw-redirect" title="Heads-up display">Heads-up displays</a> and <a href="Virtual_reality_headset" title="Virtual reality headset">Virtual reality headsets</a></li>

<li><a href="Broadcast_reference_monitor" title="Broadcast reference monitor">Broadcast reference monitor</a></li>

<li><a href="Medical_monitor" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical monitor">Medical monitors</a></li>

<li><a href="Mobile_display" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobile display">Mobile displays</a> (for <a href="Mobile_devices" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobile devices">mobile devices</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Comparison_of_high-definition_smartphone_displays" title="Comparison of high-definition smartphone displays">Smartphone displays</a> (for <a href="Smartphones" class="mw-redirect" title="Smartphones">smartphones</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Video_wall" title="Video wall">Video walls</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Underlying_technologies_of_full-area_2-dimensional_displays">Underlying technologies of full-area 2-dimensional displays</h5></div>

<p>Underlying technologies for full-area 2-dimensional displays include:

</p>

<ul><li><a href="Cathode-ray_tube" title="Cathode-ray tube">Cathode-ray tube</a> display (CRT)</li>

<li><a href="LED_display" title="LED display">Light-emitting diode display</a> (LED)</li>

<li><a href="Electroluminescent_display" title="Electroluminescent display">Electroluminescent display</a> (ELD)</li>

<li><a href="Electronic_paper" title="Electronic paper">Electronic paper</a>, <a href="E_Ink" title="E Ink">E Ink</a></li>

<li><a href="Plasma_display" title="Plasma display">Plasma display</a> panel (PDP)</li>

<li><a href="Liquid-crystal_display" title="Liquid-crystal display">Liquid-crystal display</a> (LCD)

<ul><li><a href="High-performance_addressing" title="High-performance addressing">High-performance addressing</a> display (HPA)</li>

<li><a href="Thin-film_transistor" title="Thin-film transistor">Thin-film transistor</a> display (TFT)</li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Organic_light-emitting_diode" class="mw-redirect" title="Organic light-emitting diode">Organic light-emitting diode</a> display (OLED)</li>

<li><a href="Digital_Light_Processing" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Light Processing">Digital Light Processing</a> display (DLP)</li>

<li><a href="Surface-conduction_electron-emitter_display" title="Surface-conduction electron-emitter display">Surface-conduction electron-emitter display</a> (SED) (experimental)</li>

<li><a href="Field-emission_display" title="Field-emission display">Field-emission display</a> (FED) (experimental)</li>

<li><a href="Laser_TV" title="Laser TV">Laser TV</a> (forthcoming)</li>

<li><a href="Carbon_nanotube" title="Carbon nanotube">Carbon nanotubes</a> (experimental)</li>

<li><a href="Quantum_dot_display" title="Quantum dot display">Quantum dot display</a> (QLED)</li>

<li><a href="Interferometric_modulator_display" title="Interferometric modulator display">Interferometric modulator display</a> (IMOD)</li>

<li>Digital microshutter display (DMS)</li>

<li><a href="MicroLED" title="MicroLED">microLED</a> (in development)</li></ul>

<p>The <a href="Multiplexed_display" title="Multiplexed display">multiplexed display</a> technique is used to drive most display devices.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Three-dimensional_displays">Three-dimensional displays</h4></div>

<ul><li><a href="Swept-volume_display" class="mw-redirect" title="Swept-volume display">Swept-volume display</a></li>

<li><a href="Laser_display" class="mw-redirect" title="Laser display">Laser display</a></li>

<li><a href="Holographic_display" title="Holographic display">Holographic display</a></li>

<li><a href="Light_field_display" class="mw-redirect" title="Light field display">Light field displays</a></li>

<li><a href="Andotrope" title="Andotrope">Andotrope</a></li></ul>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="Volumetric_display" title="Volumetric display">Volumetric display</a> and <a href="3D_display" title="3D display">3D display</a></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mechanical_types">Mechanical types</h2></div>

<ul><li><a href="Ticker_tape" title="Ticker tape">Ticker tape</a> (historical)</li>

<li><a href="Split-flap_display" title="Split-flap display">Split-flap display</a> (or simply <a href="Flap_display" class="mw-redirect" title="Flap display">flap display</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Flip-disc_display" title="Flip-disc display">Flip-disc display</a> (or flip-dot display)</li>

<li>Vane display</li>

<li><a href="Destination_sign#Rollsign" title="Destination sign">Rollsign</a></li>

<li><a href="Refreshable_braille_display" title="Refreshable braille display">Tactile electronic displays</a> are usually intended for the blind. They use electro-mechanical parts to dynamically update a tactile image (usually of text) so that the image may be felt by the fingers.

<ul><li><a href="Optacon" title="Optacon">Optacon</a>, using metal rods instead of light in order to convey images to blind people by tactile sensation.</li></ul></li></ul>

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<ul><li><a href="Comparison_of_CRT%2C_LCD%2C_plasma%2C_and_OLED_displays" title="Comparison of CRT, LCD, plasma, and OLED displays">Comparison of CRT, LCD, plasma, and OLED displays</a></li>

<li><a href="Graphical_user_interface" title="Graphical user interface">Graphical user interfaces</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_display_technology" title="History of display technology">History of display technology</a></li>

<li><a href="User_interface" title="User interface">User interface</a></li>

<li><a href="Input_device" title="Input device">Input device</a></li>

<li><a href="Text_display" title="Text display">Text display</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFLemley" class="citation web cs1">Lemley, Linda. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uwf.edu/clemley/cgs1570w/notes/Concepts-6.htm">"Chapter 6: Output"</a>. <i>Discovering Computers</i>. University of West Florida. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120614152622/http://uwf.edu/clemley/cgs1570w/notes/Concepts-6.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 14 June 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Office_of_the_Chief_information_Officer-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Office_of_the_Chief_information_Officer_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://energy.gov/cio/accommodations-vision-disabilities">"Accommodations For Vision Disabilities"</a>. <i>Energy.gov</i>. Office of the Chief information Officer. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120609151025/http://energy.gov/cio/accommodations-vision-disabilities">Archived</a> from the original on 9 June 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite></span>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Display_devices" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Display devices">Display devices</a></span>.</div></div>

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<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sid.org">Society for Information Display</a> - An international professional organization dedicated to the study of display technology</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uwaterloo.ca/stratford-campus">University of Waterloo Stratford Campus</a> - A university that offers students the opportunity to display their work on the school's 3-storey Christie MicroTile wall.</li></ul>

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</style><div id="Display_technology191" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#video_display">Video displays</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Past<br>generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Eidophor" title="Eidophor">Eidophor</a></li>

<li><a href="Cathode-ray_tube" title="Cathode-ray tube">Cathode-ray tube</a> (CRT)</li>

<li><a href="Jumbotron" title="Jumbotron">Jumbotron</a></li>

<li><a href="Electroluminescent_display" title="Electroluminescent display">Electroluminescent display</a> (ELD)</li>

<li><a href="Rear-projection_television" title="Rear-projection television">Rear-projection display</a></li>

<li><a href="Plasma_display" title="Plasma display">Plasma display panel</a> (PDP)

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Current <br>generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Quantum_dot_display" title="Quantum dot display">Quantum dot display</a> (QLED)</li>

<li><a href="Electronic_paper" title="Electronic paper">Electronic paper</a>

<li><a href="Gyricon" title="Gyricon">Gyricon</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="LED_display" title="LED display">Light-emitting diode display</a> (LED)

<ul><li><a href="OLED" title="OLED">Organic light-emitting diode</a> (OLED)

<ul><li><a href="AMOLED" title="AMOLED">Active-Matrix Organic light-emitting diode</a> (AMOLED)</li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Liquid-crystal_display" title="Liquid-crystal display">Liquid-crystal display</a> (LCD)

<li><a href="LED-backlit_LCD" title="LED-backlit LCD">LED-backlit</a></li>

<li><a href="Blue_phase_mode_LCD" title="Blue phase mode LCD">Blue Phase</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Digital_light_processing" title="Digital light processing">Digital light processing</a> (DLP)</li>

<li><a href="Liquid_crystal_on_silicon" title="Liquid crystal on silicon">Liquid crystal on silicon</a> (LCoS)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="Next_generation_of_display_technology" title="Next generation of display technology">Next <br>generation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="MicroLED" title="MicroLED">microLED</a></li>

<li><a href="Quantum_dot_display#Self-emissive_quantum_dot_diodes" title="Quantum dot display">Electroluminescent Quantum Dots</a> (ELQD/QD-LED)</li>

<li><a href="Organic_light-emitting_transistor" title="Organic light-emitting transistor">Organic light-emitting transistor</a> (OLET)</li>

<li><a href="Surface-conduction_electron-emitter_display" title="Surface-conduction electron-emitter display">Surface-conduction electron-emitter display</a> (SED)</li>

<li><a href="Field-emission_display" title="Field-emission display">Field-emission display</a> (FED)</li>

<li><a href="Laser_TV" title="Laser TV">Laser TV</a>

<ul><li><a href="Quantum_dot_laser" title="Quantum dot laser">Quantum dot</a></li>

<li><a href="Liquid-crystal_laser" title="Liquid-crystal laser">Liquid crystal</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Microelectromechanical_systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Microelectromechanical systems">MEMS</a> display

<li><a href="Ferroelectric_liquid_crystal_display" title="Ferroelectric liquid crystal display">Ferroelectric liquid crystal display</a> (FLCD)</li>

<li><a href="Thick-film_dielectric_electroluminescent_technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Thick-film dielectric electroluminescent technology">Thick-film dielectric electroluminescent technology</a> (TDEL)</li>

<li><a href="Laser-powered_phosphor_display" title="Laser-powered phosphor display">Laser-powered phosphor display</a> (LPD)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-video</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Electromechanics" title="Electromechanics">Electromechanical</a>

<li><a href="Split-flap_display" title="Split-flap display">Split-flap</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Text_display#Eggcrate_displays" title="Text display">Eggcrate</a></li>

<li><a href="Fiber-optic_display" title="Fiber-optic display">Fiber-optic</a></li>

<li><a href="Nixie_tube" title="Nixie tube">Nixie tube</a></li>

<li><a href="Vacuum_fluorescent_display" title="Vacuum fluorescent display">Vacuum fluorescent display</a> (VFD)</li>

<li><a href="Light-emitting_electrochemical_cell" title="Light-emitting electrochemical cell">Light-emitting electrochemical cell</a> (LEC)</li>

<li><a href="Lightguide_display" title="Lightguide display">Lightguide display</a></li>

<li><a href="Dot-matrix_display" title="Dot-matrix display">Dot-matrix display</a></li>

<li><a href="Seven-segment_display" title="Seven-segment display">Seven-segment display</a> (SSD)</li>

<li><a href="Eight-segment_display" title="Eight-segment display">Eight-segment display</a></li>

<li><a href="Nine-segment_display" title="Nine-segment display">Nine-segment display</a></li>

<li><a href="Fourteen-segment_display" title="Fourteen-segment display">Fourteen-segment display</a> (FSD)</li>

<li><a href="Sixteen-segment_display" title="Sixteen-segment display">Sixteen-segment display</a> (SISD)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="3D_display" title="3D display">3D display</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Stereoscopy" title="Stereoscopy">Stereoscopic</a></li>

<li><a href="Autostereoscopy" title="Autostereoscopy">Autostereoscopic</a></li>

<li><a href="Multiscopy" title="Multiscopy">Multiscopic</a></li>

<li><a href="Holography" title="Holography">Hologram</a>

<ul><li><a href="Holographic_display" title="Holographic display">Holographic display</a></li>

<li><a href="Computer-generated_holography" title="Computer-generated holography">Computer-generated holography</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Volumetric_display" title="Volumetric display">Volumetric</a></li>

<li><a href="Fog_display" title="Fog display">Fog display</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Static media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Monoscope" title="Monoscope">Monoscope</a></li>

<li><a href="Movie_projector" title="Movie projector">Movie projector</a></li>

<li><a href="Slide_projector" title="Slide projector">Slide projector</a></li>

<li><a href="Transparency_(projection)" title="Transparency (projection)">Transparency</a></li>

<li><a href="Laser_lighting_display" title="Laser lighting display">Laser beam</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Display capabilities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="DisplayID" title="DisplayID">DisplayID</a></li>

<li><a href="Always-on_display" title="Always-on display">Always-on display</a></li>

<li><a href="See-through_display" title="See-through display">See-through display</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="History_of_display_technology" title="History of display technology">History of display technology</a></li>

<li><a href="Large-screen_television_technology" title="Large-screen television technology">Large-screen television technology</a></li>

<li><a href="Optimum_HDTV_viewing_distance" title="Optimum HDTV viewing distance">Optimum HDTV viewing distance</a></li>

<li><a href="High-dynamic-range_television" title="High-dynamic-range television">High Dynamic Range</a> (HDR)</li>

<li><a href="Color_Light_Output" title="Color Light Output">Color Light Output</a></li>

<li><a href="Flexible_display" title="Flexible display">Flexible display</a></li>

<li><a href="Comparison_of_CRT%2C_LCD%2C_plasma%2C_and_OLED_displays" title="Comparison of CRT, LCD, plasma, and OLED displays">Comparison of CRT, LCD, plasma, and OLED displays</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="Comparison_of_display_technology" title="Comparison of display technology">Comparison of display technology</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

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